« Do Residential Energy Renovation Programs Deliver? Evidence on Workers, Firms, and Emissions »
Ce working paper a été rédigé par Guillaume Wald (Centre d’Économie et de Décision Publique, Mines Paris – PSL).
Mots-clés : Energy efficiency; Climate policy; Green jobs; Greenhouse gas emissions;
Applied econometrics; Distributive effects.
Extrait :
« Energy renovation programs play a pivotal role in climate policy, yet their actual
effects on emissions and local labor markets remain poorly understood.
This working paper reviews the motivations and challenges of residential energy renovation policy and presents three contributions to filling that gap, combining French administrative data with credible quasi-experimental designs.
First, an evaluation of the French CEE program, the largest energy efficiency obligation in Europe, estimates a carbon abatement cost of €103 per ton of CO2 equivalent. This cost falls to €54 once program-induced energy price effects are accounted for, suggesting overall cost-effectiveness despite a large energy performance gap.
Second, the first ex-post estimate of employment creation from a large-scale energy efficiency policy finds 2.2 job-years per million euros, far below the 8.52 full time equivalent (FTE) assumed by the European Commission, with installers’ market power capturing 28% of subsidies into higher margins.
Third, an analysis of clean technology adoption in the heating services industry shows within-establishment labor
reallocation with low transition costs, as workers’ skills are updated on the job.
Together, these results point to concrete recommendations for the design of renovation policy in the energy transition. »